Antipsychotics, also called neuroleptics, are psychotrope active drugs, which are used used to treat psychosis including schizophrenia, mania and delusional disorder.
Typical Antipsychotics
The conventional (typical) antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists at the D2-Rezeptor, working against the so-called positive symyptomes of the schizophrenia (illusion, hallucinations). From chemical point of view these first generation antipsychotics belong to the classes of butyrophenons, phenothiazines or thioxanthenes. As adverse effect disturbances of the physical motion control (dyskinetics) appeared, due to the dopamine inhibition.
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Chlorprothixene(Z)-3-(2-Chloro-9H-thioxanthene-9-yliden)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine |
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Haloperidol4-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidino]-4'-fluorobutyrophenone |
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Sulpiride(RS)-N-[(1-Ethylpyrrolidine-2-yl)methyl]-2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzamide |
Atypical Antipsychotics
The atypical antiüsychotics deriving from the class of dibenzepines are characterised by an antagonistic effect to the Serotonine-5-HT2A-Receptors, which improves additionally the so-called negative symptoms of schizophrenia (drive poverty, feeling flattening, social retreat). The danger of dyskinesia is substantially smaller, however this is payed with other Adverse Effects (changings of blood count, strong increasing of weight, risk for diabetes).
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Clozapine8-Chloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine |
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Olanzapine2-Methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4H-3-thia-4,9-diazabenzo[f]azulene |
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Quetiapine2-(2-[4-(Dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethoxy)ethanol |
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Risperidone3-(2-[4-(6-Fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperidino]ethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyridol[1,2,-a]pyrimidine-4-on |
