Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics)
 
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Antipsychotics, also called neuroleptics, are psychotrope active drugs, which are used used to treat psychosis including schizophrenia, mania and delusional disorder.

Typical Antipsychotics

The conventional (typical) antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists at the D2-Rezeptor, working against the so-called positive symyptomes of the schizophrenia (illusion, hallucinations). From chemical point of view these first generation antipsychotics belong to the classes of butyrophenons, phenothiazines or thioxanthenes. As adverse effect disturbances of the physical motion control (dyskinetics) appeared, due to the dopamine inhibition.

Typical Antipsychotics
Chlorprothixene

Chlorprothixene

(Z)-3-(2-Chloro-9H-thioxanthene-9-yliden)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine
C18H18ClNS, M 315,86 g/mol
Half-Life 15 hours
Trade Mark: Truxal®

Haloperidol

Haloperidol

4-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidino]-4'-fluorobutyrophenone
C21H23ClFNO2, M 375,86 g/mol
Half-Life 24 ± 9 hours (oral), 14 ± 3 hours (i.v.)
Trade Mark: Haldol®

Sulpiride

Sulpiride

(RS)-N-[(1-Ethylpyrrolidine-2-yl)methyl]-2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzamide
C15H23N3O4S, M 341,43 g/mol
Half-Life 15 hours
Trade Marks: Dogmatil®, Arminol®, Meresa®

Atypical Antipsychotics

The atypical antiüsychotics deriving from the class of dibenzepines are characterised by an antagonistic effect to the Serotonine-5-HT2A-Receptors, which improves additionally the so-called negative symptoms of schizophrenia (drive poverty, feeling flattening, social retreat). The danger of dyskinesia is substantially smaller, however this is payed with other Adverse Effects (changings of blood count, strong increasing of weight, risk for diabetes).

Atypical Antipsychotics
Clozapine

Clozapine

8-Chloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine
C18H19ClN4, M 326,82 g/mol
Half-Life 6 to 25 hours
Trade Marks: Clozaril®, Leponex®, Fazaclo®

Olanzapine

Olanzapine

2-Methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4H-3-thia-4,9-diazabenzo[f]azulene
C17H20N4S, M 312,44 g/mol
Half-Life 21 to 54 hours
Trade Mark: Xyprexa®

Quetiapine

Quetiapine

2-(2-[4-(Dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin-11-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethoxy)ethanol
C21H25N3O2S, M 383,51 g/mol
Half-Life 7 hours
Trade Mark: Seroquel®

Risperidone

Risperidone

3-(2-[4-(6-Fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperidino]ethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyridol[1,2,-a]pyrimidine-4-on
C23H27FN4O2, M 410,48 g/mol
Half-Life 3 hours, metabolites 24 hours
Trade Mark: Risperdal®

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Last modification (M-D-Y): 02/08/2019 - IMPRINT - FAQ